Strategic Operations Management Som Marketing Essay

Strategic Operations Management Som Marketing Essay Strategic operations management (SOM) isnt only about how an organisation manages effectively its day-to-day activities. Furthermore, it provides the organisation with long-term objectives as well as strategic decisions and actions to achieve those objectives. (Slack et al., 2007, p.63) SOM is vital to any organisation. It is the core determinant for the organisations success because it involves every part within the organisation. Moreover, it helps organisations to achieve organisational goal and gain competitive advantages. The four advantages of operations management (Slack et al., 2007, p.22) emphasise the importance of SOM: Helps organisations reduce cost and increase the efficiency in product/service production. For Toyota case, we all recognised one its vital competitive advantage is cost; this is the evidence that SOM helps Toyota reduce cost, increase efficiency. Increases revenue by increasing customers satisfaction through good quality and service (we can find Toyota also focuses on customers satisfaction and quality) Reduces the amount of investment required for increasing operations capacity and innovative resource deployment. In a competition world, a heavy industry like automobile always has to invest on discovering the new techniques to improve and hasten production processes. Being able to reduce these costs will help Toyota give competitive price. Provide the basis of future innovation through building a strong base of skills and knowledge inside the company. This is also important, because it will motivate Toyota to develop the capability in order to adapt with possible change in the future. Besides, SOMs importance can be clarified by the Top-down perspective of the four perspectives model: Slack et al., The four perspectives on operations strategy. Operations management, 5th ed., p.64 Top-down Perspective: the starting point of operations strategy. It supports corporate, business and functional strategies of an organisation. At corporate level, we can see Toyota positioned itself to global, economic, political and social environment (Slack et al., 2007, p.63). Itll help Toyota decide: The type of business they want to do The markets in which they will operate Allocation of cash between different businesses At business level, strategic decisions helps Toyota create business strategies that related to individual business units within the organisation. The business strategy will support these business units to focus on particular customer, markets and competitors. For example when we analyse the Toyota Corporation, we find this description: Toyota runs by 3 segments: The Automobile segment designs, manufactures and sells automobiles; The Finance supports relevant financial data; and the other is responsible for housing, information and communication. (The New York Times, 2012) So, we can see SOM in Toyota attaches individual business units to the corporate strategy by formulating the goals for individual business units. At functional level, SOM make different departments recognise and hence support the business strategy. Different departments such as: operation, marketing, RD would be managed to adhere to the business objectives. Generally, lets simplify the whole points by analysing Toyota Global Vision (Toyota-Global, 2012). Here, the corporate level decision focuses on: quality, innovation and human resources. Pass to the business level, business goals and strategic decisions are formulated, then Toyota will the specific performance objectives (quality, flexibility, cost). Finally, at functional level, different departments and functions will act accordingly through various techniques (JIT, TQM, JIT) and continuous process improvement, to meet the objectives given in business level. b) To understand Toyota from different perspectives, we should use Stakeholder Analysis to identify Stakeholders expectations in associated with 5 performance objectives (Slack et al., 2007, p.39)This table describe Toyotas 5 main stakeholder groups (Toyota-Global, 2012) and their expectation. Performance objectives Stakeholder types Stakeholders expectations Quality Customer Shareholders Society Quality of product/service, safe vehicles Speed Customer Shareholders Reduce throughput time and waiting time Dependability Customer Business partners On time delivery Flexibility Customer Suppliers Toyota Availability of different models to choose from Cost Customer Toyota Lower price and superior performance Lets analyse each group in detail: Customers: Customers expectation How Toyota addresses? Meet customers expectations? Quality Toyota strives to do thing right at the first time. With Total Quality Management (TQM) Toyota controls the quality from development, procurement, production to after sale service, while focusing on continuous improvement. Yes Opportunity to feedback and receiving of the information Listening to customer, giving timely supports. Yes http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/customers/quality.html Safety and reliability Offering modern technologies and information to prevent accidents such as: virtual human model, navigation system, audible system Recent recalls of 7 millions of cars because of faulty window switches may oppose this statement (Kollewe, J., 2012) http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/customers/safety.html Low price By applying effective techniques on processes, Toyota can lower the costs, thus giving low price to customers. (JIT, Jidoka, Lean manufacturing) Yes Dependability Toyota production system (TPS) helps on-time delivery Yes Flexibility Toyota offer a wide range of product Yes http://www.toyota-global.com/company/vision_philosophy/toyota_production_system/ Employees: Employees expectation How Toyota addresses? Meet employees expectation? Safety health Creating safe and healthy working environment Yes Pride Motivate and inspire the employees to work with full energy. Yes Confidence Guarantee a stable career and secured working conditions Toyota has sacked 350 workers in Australia (OConnor, P., 2012) this may cause some tensions for current employees. Equality in all aspects Emphasize mutual respect and harmony in work place. yes Opportunity Continuous develop HR yes http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/employees/ Business partners: Partners expectations How Toyota addresses? Meet partners expectations? Equal opportunity Giving equal opportunities for all suppliers, providing clear guidelines to potential supplier. Yes Fairness in receiving information All partners are well informed Yes Long term procurement Open-door policy to encourage fair competition Yes Stable relationship Mutual benefit based on mutual trust Yes Trust Unified cooperation with partners. Yes http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/partners/#policy Society/Communities: Society/communitys expectations How Toyota addresses? Meet societys expectations? Environment preservation Development of eco-friendly models. Reduce amount of CO2 in product, manufacturing, production process Develop recyclable material, resource and product Yes Safer vehicle Produce safe vehicles to prevent accidents Not really, because of the recent recalls. Innovation in life style Motivate activities concerned in environment preservation Yes. Other automakers (Honda, Ford, Mitsubishi) are influenced to produce this kind of product. (Schulte, M., 2012) http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/mobility.html Social welfare Social welfare programs Yes Jobs Provide employment opportunities to unemployed. Yes Infrastructure Infrastructure development activities Yes Traffic safety Education and training Yes http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/contribution.html http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/society/environment.html Shareholders: Shareholders expectations How Toyota addresses? What Toyota prioritises? ROI Sustainable profitability Respect for the agreements Respect and follow the laws Support the long-term vision for management Dividends and shares Dividends based on investment plans, business results, cash revenues http://www.toyota-global.com/sustainability/stakeholders/shareholders/ In addition, Globalisation has considerable influence on Toyota strategic operations management activities. Globalisation comes with plenty of opportunities as well as challenges (Slack et al., 2007, p.680). With the help of internet, Toyota can easily be available to worldwide customers, procurements and other transaction activities will become internet-based, which helps reduce cost and enhance quality control. Lets identify what challenges and opportunities of globalisation for Toyota: Greater competitions, wider range of customers demands, and partners around the world. Higher customers awareness and expectations Global value chains increasing complexity competition Higher knowledge of culture, behaviours is required Higher requirement of technology applications. Continuously increase of product standards Require more efficient and effective supply chains Require continuous improvement and innovation Having a clear view on the influences of stakeholders and globalisation to Toyota, we can clarify the SOM in different perspectives: Product/service perspective SOM in Toyota focus on transferability of products/services (Slack et al., 2007, p.681). This means Toyota guarantees their design compatible with different hobbies and attitude of customer throughout the world. Here, Toyota considers widening range of options to cope with different cultures and customers, the RD department will be commanded to design according to the customers expectation. The five performance objectives should be focused at the business level of strategy to gather and maintain customers loyalty. Toyota guarantees a reliable quality in every product with competitive price in order to satisfy customers expectations. Provide safety and reliable vehicles that inspire enthusiasm at affordable prices. (Toyota-global, 2012) Relationship with suppliers and other partners is important. Since its establishment, Toyota has sought to work closely with its suppliers in its manufacturing activities (Toyota-Global, 2012) Hybrid car is a good innovation and should be developed as it meets both customers and societys demand. Toyotas unique hybrid system combines an electric motor and a gasoline engine in the most efficient manner. It saves fuel and reduces emissions while giving ample power. (Toyota-Global, 2012) Manufacturing perspective Toyota should emphasize the quality in every product to enter global market. The TQM at Toyota is to ensure this. To compete with other automakers around the world, Toyota always find the ways to reduce costs, yet guarantee an acceptable quality. Again, the importance of partnership is justified, in associated with continuous development on: waste reduction, stock control, human skills, capacity planning and control, process improvement, etc. For example, Toyota pioneers the Lean manufacturing concept, a production method that focuses on reducing waste. Specifically, Toyota use common parts and designs for multiple product lines and reducing the number of suppliers, so that Toyota can buy parts and components at greater number, with lower cost. (Ann All, 2010) Localizing manufacturing makes Toyota effectively deal with different markets around the world. Now there are 51 bases in 26 different countries and regions. In addition, there are design and RD bases in nine locations overseas (Toyota-Global, 2012] Toyota should always make continuous improvement. Flexibility and dependability should be noticed in the manufacturing arena. Layouts of facilities need to be adjusted properly with the culture of particular region. Process technology development should be emphasized. Here availability of skills, serviceability and maintenance options can be exploited (Slack et al 2007 p681) Capacity and inventory planning and control are other areas to consider. Here Toyota JIT is helpful Administrative perspectives Toyota respects the different cultures and beliefs. Toyota is establishing a corporate culture with abundant vitality by fostering human resources that include a diverse range of individuals. (Toyota-global, 2012) Job design should be considered in globalisations. Here cost of labour, skill availability, cultural should be considered. (Slack et al., 2007, p.681) Business recovery plan should be developed to minimize the damage on reputation caused from risks. Supplier management should be considered to increase quality, and reduce cost. Toyota may develop knowledge management to increase knowledge base within the organisation. Environmental-friendly is highly considered in Toyota Because of the globalisation, Toyota may face the increases of new competitors, new products, low pricing, better quality. So, its important to promote continuous improvement principle, whilst avoiding errors (quality problem, employee sacks) as these will damage companys reputation. Task 02 For big organisations, global capability mostly came from their capability in manufacturing (Pepsi, Coca-cola). Then, Toyota would be also such case, as their success has been considerably contributed by manufacturing functions. (T., Ohno, 1988) shared a story about the strange growth at Toyota though many companies were suffering the economic recession. The operation way of manufacturing function was included in TPS. The two main concept of this system include Jidoka and Just-in-Time: where Jidoka guarantees of product quality through the prevention, in-time correction, and Just-in-Time is about reducing waste and speed enhancement in work processes. (Toyota-Global, 2012) Generally, Toyotas global capability came from the continuous development of various long-term objectives: TPS, efficient use of resource, human skills, waste reduction, customer focus, supplier network improvements, emphasis on quality and customisation, inbound logistic management, inventory control For clarifying the Toyotas competitive advantages, lets analyse through the five performance objectives (Slack et al. 2007, p 39) Performance objectives Competitive advantage How Toyota did it? Quality High quality The Jidoka helps prevent possible errors of product. The Lexus series are carefully done from the design, production, procurement, to the service delivery for customers. Good quality helps reduce the re-works, lessen the confusion, thus increase dependability, efficiency and reduce cost(Slack et., al, 2007) Speed Quick delivery Toyotas JIT principles, inventory control and inbound logistics management helps enhance the speed of production and delivery. The speed emphasis helps Toyota reduce inventories and risk (Slack et al., 2007) Dependability Reliable delivery Again, the JIT, planning and control systems help Toyota to provide on-time delivery, both to internal production process and customers. This helps Toyota increase efficiency operation, saves the time, money and gives stability to the company.( Slack et al 2007) Flexibility Production flexibility Mix flexibility Volume flexibility Delivery flexibility Wide range of product Toyota develops variety of attractive and practical models such as: Camry, Prius, Varis Toyotas R D division often design different models to satisfy different markets. Toyota is able to adjust the volume in production process. Toyota even can reschedule the manufacturing priorities. It would help the organisation to become agile, maintains dependability, and saves time. ( Slack et al 2007, p 47) Cost Low price Perhaps price is the strong competitive advantage of Toyota. Price is very important in automobile industry. However, effective cost reduction has been helping Toyota to provide favourable price. This make Toyota the leader producer in automobile industry. The performance objectives in Toyota could be illustrated by this polar diagram: Adapted from Slack et al., Operations management (2007), p.55 Besides, identification of the customers needs and expectations should be critical considered. Therefore, the order winning factors and qualifying factors could be appropriate to identify the competitive advantage of Toyota. Order winner is customers key reason for buying a product/service, while qualifying factor is the minimum competitive factors required to get the attention from customers (Slack et., al, 2007, p.69.). For Toyota the order winning factors include: standardized quality and design, low price, and dependability. Qualifying factors are: wide range of products, quick throughput-time and quick delivery to customers (speed) Adapted from Slack et al., Operations management (2007), p.69 In addition, different customers and markets have different expectation, so these factors would change according to that. For example, Lexus is a luxury series of Toyota, its target market is higher income people, therefore, the order winners would be: high quality, gorgeous design and qualifying factors are: acceptable price, quick delivery and reliable delivery. Task 3 Analysing the operation strategy at Toyota through Top-down perspective, we see that corporate level strategy lead the organisation to long-term objectives such as: innovation, waste reduction, continuous improvement Business level concentrates on performance objectives such as quality, cost, flexibility and dependability, and adapts the strategy according to the corporate objectives. And at functional level, different functions (manufacturing, RD, marketing) plan, execute and cooperate steps to achieve business objectives. These are evidences of how effective Toyota pursues its long-term objective: Toyota applies TQM, Kanban, JIT in production to achieve performance objectives. At the product/service segment, Toyota focus on innovation, quality and customer care (Toyota Code of Conduct, 2006, p.12) Finally, at administrative perspective, Toyota pays attention to: sustainable location decisions, long-term capacity management, continuous resource development and long-term supplier relations (Toyota Code of Conduct, 2006, p.12)). Here, we should notice that supplier relationship is important; Toyota should manage the first and second-tier suppliers effectively to work globally because advantages come from the close relationship with suppliers (Slack et al., 2007) These following concepts can be helpful to analyse Toyota Operation Strategy: Product Life Cycle (PLC) Product Life cycle Source: Marketing FAQ,What is Product Life Cycle(PLC)? 1. Introduction stage In introduction stage, when something new is introduced in the market, competitors will be few. Companies should develop flexibility to adapt with changes in the market (Slack et al., 2007) For example with Toyota case, a new great model Prius Hybrid has just entered the market. Assume it is in introduction stage, then customers who purchase this model would be innovators. This model seems to be well designed in shape and technology, so competitors are few, but may not exclude big competitors such as Mercedes, BMW, GM Then, the order winning factors here should be the design and qualifying factors should be quality, price. That means, Toyota should focus on design, and pay attention to quality and price. 2. Growth stage This stage is characterised by sales volume and competitors increase. The objective should be keeping up with demand expectations and ensuring the quality (Slack et al., 2007) Toyota will compete with competitors, order winners will be quality, speed and dependability (deliver according to the demand) to cope with increasing demand, and satisfying factors will be price and flexibility. We recognise that Toyota offers a wide range of product and price for different markets customers in order to attract different market segments. Lets take the case of Toyota Camry 2012, currently it is in growth stage and the target market is average income people. Its facing a rough competition with Honda Accord, both companies emphasize the quality. Though the quality, design, performance is somewhat similar, Honda is slightly better than Toyota. However Toyotas offering variety of same type products such as: Matrix, Sienna, Avalon providing more options for customers, which may yield more profits. (Halvorson, B., 2012) 3. Maturity stage In this stage, the demand has a sign to fall; some competitors withdraw from the market exclude big players. The concentration should be turned to price reduction. Here, company has to deal with cost, production and supply issues (Slack et al., 2007) Toyotas target customers now should be the mass market. Then, order winning factors will be low price, and dependability of supply. The qualifying factors are flexibility (various types of model) and quality. A wide range of product may bring some profits as Toyota already had different target markets. Consequently, Toyota should focus on cost reduction, dependability and expansion of market. We can see how Toyota applies this practice by the example of Lexus: Lexuss in maturity stage, which explains Toyotas efforts to offer a wide range of models: sedan, hybrid, SUVs which we can find in the link below: http://www.lexus.com/models/allVehicles/ 4. Decline stage Decline stage is characterised by: sales decline, more withdrawal, price competition and cost focus. (Slack et al., 2007). Here, customers are the people who follow new style late, and competitors will be less. Price war will happen and obviously, order winning factors will be low price, qualifying factors are dependability of supply. At this stage, Toyota should focus on reducing costs. Lets look at the Toyota Qualis model which had gone to the decline stage and it was replaced by the Innova. Toyotas trying to replace with Innova, probably they will sell the remaining Qualis with low price. (TNN, 2005. The Economic Times) Efficient frontier Toyota might use this approach to position its main performance objectives in order to achieve effectiveness in operation (Slack et al., 2007). With Toyota, the high variety will make the cost higher. There are some ways such as: innovation of sustainable products, increasing product life in the PLC, positioning of product at various stage in the PLC could help Toyota limit variety. In Toyota case, there are quality, cost and variety that need to be considered properly to increase the efficiency of product Adapted from Slack et al., Operations Management, 2007, p.78) Toyota can link the frontier approach with PLC to make rational decisions. Different PLCs stage requires different concentrations, Toyota may adjust its variety/quality/cost accordingly to adapt with the situation. For example, suppose Innova model reached Maturity stage in India, then Toyota would focus on cost reduction. Since Indians only prefer family car like Innova, variety should be ignored. Consequently, Toyota should sacrifice Variety to achieve cost efficiency. Toyotas competitive advantages overview Kanban System A unique method developed by Toyota. Here, JIT and Lean manufacturing are applied effectively. This method helps Toyota develop the production process speed and efficiency. Therefore they can avoid inventory, waste of resources, product error and other unwanted costs. Kanban system provides some benefits such as: waste reduction, inventory avoidance, error-free manufacturing, which help Toyota produce quality products with low cost, increase their competitiveness over other automakers. (Toyota-Global, 2012) Relationship with Suppliers Toyota understands the importance of having strong relationship with suppliers. As an integral part of Kanban system, suppliers are always up-to-date with new changes in Toyota. A lot of investments were done by Toyota to extend its supply network. As a result, Toyota is one of the organisations possess strongest supplier network in different areas of the world. The principal measure of supplier relations in the American auto industry is the OEM benchmark Survey that is published by John Henke of Oakland University. Suppliers rank auto manufacturers using 17 measures from trust to perceived opportunity. In the 2003 survey Toyota ranked first followed by Honda and Nissan, while Chrysler, Ford and GM were fourth fifth and sixth. The survey also showed that Toyotas scores had improved over 7% over 2002. Another automotive supplier survey published annually comes from J.D. Power. The 2003 survey found that Toyota, Nissan and BMW are the best North American automakers in promoting innovation with their suppliers. (David McBride, 2004) Valuable culture As a Japanese organisation, Toyotas management is highly concern with Japaneses culture. Here, the loyalty and pride is highly respected. Besides, Hofstedes 5 cultural dimensions shows Japanese is characterised by highly regarding hierarchy authority, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. This leads to these following results: Employees willingly follow the command from managers, so the decision making process and the implementation of decision will be faster. The employees strive to get to perfection due to the high uncertainty avoidance. Every worker has their pride of their work, so they wont damage their own credibility. Long-term orientation leads every individual in the organisations to continuous development and perfection. These cultural benefits made employees at Toyota continuously develop themselves thus get better performances. Because of this, the cultural value is considered one of Toyotas strongest advantages. Task 4 Lets apply the SWOT analysis for the overall review on Toyota Favourable Unfavourable Internal Strengths Strong global presence Strong brand image Strong financial performance Effective marketing and distributions to different market segments. Toyota production system Continuous improvement and innovation Strong relationship with partners Weaknesses Heavily relied on imports for inputs Heavily depends on Japan and U.S. market. Recent recalls in 2010 External Opportunities Increasing demand for hybrid electric vehicle Enough capability to produce more quality, green, fuel efficiency products. Opportunities in Asian market. Threats Increase competition from other automakers. Uncertain economic condition Usual demand is gradually changing, due to the environmental and fuel price issues. Recommendation Toyota should focus on their hybrid technology as the demand increases and pay attention to green technologies. Thanks to their reputation of quality and innovation, these concentrations can help Toyota get an additional competitive advantage. The Build your Toyota is a great innovation; customers can customize their own model. http://www.shopatgst.com/gstbuildyourtoyota/default.aspx?zip_code=70000Vehicle=nullYear The RD section should always be invested properly as it will keep Toyota up-to-date with modern technologies. Note in mind that now the green, fuel efficiency technologies are most concerned with the society. Keep promoting its brand in key markets, and in new-developed countries such as Russia, China, Brazil, and India. The demand in these markets is increasing due to the improvement of quality of life. Governments of China and India have reduced taxed for automobile, this may be the chance for Toyota. Keep observing the competitors, while focusing on the quality factors to avoid mishaps (2010 recalling) that damage their reputation and market share. Toyota should consider applying vertical integration in the growing markets and improve the management of different portfolios. Conclusion As the leading manufacturer of automobiles market, Toyota has all the required conditions to continue their successful journey in the future. Though there are currently some disadvantages, Toyota can still improve by taking more responsibility in community, environment and society. References: Ann All, (2010). Did Lean Manufacturing Contribute to Toyota Recall? IT Business Edge. 29th Jan., 2010. [online]. Available from: [accessed 5th Oct., 2012] David McBride, 2004. Toyotas Extended Lean Enterprise. EMS Consulting Group. 1st Dec., 2012. [online] Available from: [Accessed 5th Oct., 2012] Halvorson, B., (2012). Toyota Camry Vs. Honda Accord: Compare Cars. The Car Connection. 11th Sep, 201. [online]. Available from: [Accessed 4th Oct., 2012] Kollewe, J., (2012). Toyota recalls 7m cars worldwide over window fault. The Guardian. 10th Oct., 2012. [online]. Available from: [Accessed 12th Oct., 2012] OConnor, P., (2012). Toyota Australia sacks 350 workers. World Socialist Web Site. 17th Apr., 20

Essay on Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God -- Their Eyes Were Wa

Positive Imagery in Their Eyes Were Watching God In Zora Neale Hurston's novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, the life of Janie is presented as a journey. Janie survives a grandmother, three husbands, and innumerable friends. Throughout this journey, she moves towards her ideals about love and how to live one's life. Hurston chooses to define Janie not by what is wrong in her life, but by what is good in it. Janie undergoes many changes throughout her journey, but the imagery in her life always conjures positive ideas in the mind of the reader. Janie's life begins under the watchful eye of her grandmother. Her grandmother has given up her own happiness to raise Janie and her mother. Right away, it is obvious that Janie's life is going to be different than her grandmother's. For starters, Janie has very different ideas about love than any other character. She may not be able to clearly define her thoughts, but the reader still sees that Janie's ideas are romantic and full of sensuality. The first glimpse into the past that the reader sees involves Janie underneath a pear tree, watching the flowers bloom. The descriptive language ("From barren brown stems to glistening leaf-buds; from the leaf-buds to snowy virginity of bloom" [10]) beautifully juxtaposed with complex thought ("The rose of the world was breathing out smell. It . . . followed her. . . and caressed her . . ." [10]) lets the reader experience the same feelings that Janie does, even though she is not yet old enough to fully describe them herself. Janie's grandmother is old and weak. She never had a person in her life who cared for her and truly wanted to look out for her well-being. As a result, she is frightened by Janie's refusal to follow the mold, ... ...tell it again. She doesn't need to. Janie has lived her life and survived her journey. Zora Neale Hurston closes off Their Eyes Were Watching God with one final, poignant image; Janie "[calling] in her soul to come and see" [184] the splendor of her life. Works Cited and Consulted Bourn, Byron D. "Women's Roles in Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God and James Baldwin's Go Tell It On the Mountain" Hurston, Zora Neale. Their Eyes Were Watching God. New York: Harper & Row, 1937. Johnson, Barbara. "Metaphor, Metonymy and Voice in Their Eyes Were Watching God." Modern Critical Interpretations: Zora Neale Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Lubitschek, Cyrena N. "The Role of Imagery in Hurston's Their Eyes Were Watching God." American Literature 58.2 (May 1996): 181-202.

Hamlet Tragic Flaw

Question #3: One of the essential elements of any tragic figure is his/her tragic flaw(s)-an inherent personality trait or set of traits that inevitably dooms the character to destruction. Identify and explain Hamlet’s tragic flaw(s) and how it/they bring about his downfall. A tragic flaw is a character trait that ultimately causes the downfall of the protagonist. In Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, Hamlet learns the truth behind his father's death – that he was actually murdered by his brother.Despite swearing to avenge his father, Hamlet is hesitant to take action showing that indecisiveness is his tragic flaw. However, Hamlet's outbursts of aggression at certain instances of the play shows that Hamlet's other tragic flaw is his tendency to take rash actions – the polar opposite of indecisiveness. Ironically, the combination of these two traits, Hamlet's indecision and sudden rash actions, lead to his downfall. There are several points in the book in which we se e Hamlet's indecision.One of the major scenes in which this trait of Hamlet's is clearly seen is when he observes Claudius praying. He had the perfect opportunity to avenge his father, but decided otherwise as he thinks to himself that killing Claudius while he's praying will allow him to go to heaven. Despite having all the reasons in the world to kill Claudius, Hamlet couldn't see himself take action showing his indecision. This could be seen as a reason for his downfall as if he had had the courage to take action at that moment, perhaps the bloodshed at the end of the play wouldn't have happened.It might seem confusing for a character's tragic flaws to contradict one another, but that is the case for Hamlet with his indecision and rash actions. We see this from Hamlet at various instances of the play in which he suddenly turns into a â€Å"madman†. It is most clearly portrayed when Hamlet suddenly stabs Polonius during his confrontation of his mother. It could be argued th at this course of action may have been due to the pent up anger Hamlet had with himself because of his indecision, but in my opinion, this action shows the duplicity of Hamlet's character.The fact that he could be passive one second and over aggressive the next. Had Hamlet hesitated for a moment rather than mindlessly stabbing Polonius, he could have avoided the bloodbath that followed. Throughout the play, Hamlet's indecision could be seen constantly as he comes up with one excuse after another to delay killing Claudius. At some instances however, we see Hamlet take rash actions as seen when he stabs Polonius without hesitation. Although these two traits are complete opposites of one another, both play a major role in Hamlet's downfall – a fact that makes him such a unique tragic character.

Hello - 1309 Words

Ana Magalhaes David Frisch ENC 1102 30 January 2016 The Morality of Animal Testing in Cosmetic Companies Preface The ethical treatment of animal testing is a controversial topic in the field of zoology. Different aspects on animal testing range from positivity to negativity. Animals such as dogs and rats are used for experimental trials because they have been found to have psychological and genetic correlations that relate to humans. Although the benefits and improvements to modern medicine made it possible to ban animal experimentation completely, animals are still the main subjects in cosmetic industries. Something important to keep in mind when it comes to animal experimentation is that, â€Å"Most experimentation has nothing to do†¦show more content†¦Lauerman, John F. Animal Research. Harvard Magazine 1999: Print. Web. 30 Jan. 2016. This source discusses the controversial debate on allowing animal testing. It explains the logic behind banning animal experimentation and why there are so many organizations fighting against it. It also analysis the history behind the Animal Welfare Act and reasons that made individuals agree with such events. This is article is very credible when it comes to facts and it gives a summarized history of the beginning of the disagreement of animal testing in the cosmetic industry. It also gives a new perspective of this controversial debate and explains how this disagreement has stretched further and further until it has lead to much advancement in the medical field. PETA. Animals Used For Experimentation. Peta.org. PETA, 2012. Web. 27 Jan. 2016. The PETA website includes the many conditions that are enforced upon animals that are kept in captivity for years to be cruelly tested on. In this article it shows the conditions they have to live in the laboratories and how they have to wait in misery. Even though this is a bias source and this organization is considered extremist, it gives many effective and reliable alternatives. For example, many organizations listed on the PETA website promote the use of humans in testing clamming that it will provide many jobs to people with a lower-income. The main point of this source is to explain the different uses ofShow MoreRelatedHello Kitty case study Essay949 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Introduction Hello kitty is a cartoon character of a small white cat that looks kind, sweet and cute, with a button nose, two black dot-eyes, six whiskers and a ribbon in her hair. Hello kitty has no mouth and this represents a major source of emotional association for buyers and buyers can put many different feelings to the little cat. Owners and their cat can be happy, sad and cheerful or any other feelings that user wishes to feel. Hello Kitty was firstly introduced in Japan in 1974Read MoreI Am A Hello Kitty1161 Words   |  5 Pagesam a Hello Kitty fan. 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After resource-constrained scheduling, copy the screen image of Resource Sheet and paste into theRead MoreHello1354 Words   |  6 PagesÃ¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'療è ­ ·Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© â€œÃ¥ ¾ ·Ã§  â€Ã§ © ¶Ã¨Ë†â€¡Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã¨ ¨Å½ ä ¸ ­Ã¨  ¯Ã¦ °â€˜Ã¥Å"‹ä ¸â‚¬Ã¢â€"‹ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¦Å"ˆ Ã¥ £ ¹Ã£â‚¬ Ã¦â€˜ËœÃ¨ ¦  æÅ" ¬Ã¨ «â€"æâ€"‡çš„å ¯ «Ã¤ ½Å"ç› ®Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ »Ã¨ ¦ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¨ ¦ Ã¦Å½ ¢Ã¨ ¨Å½Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'療è ­ ·Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥ ­ËœÃ¥Å" ¨Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¥ ¼â€¢Ã¨ µ ·Ã© â€œÃ¥ ¾ ·Ã¦â€" ¹Ã©  ¢Ã¤ ¸Å Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Ë† ­Ã¨ ­ °Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ©â€ºâ€"ç„ ¶Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§â€"…æˆ ¿Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¦â€°â‚¬Ã¤ » ¥Ã¦Å"Æ'Ã¥ ­ËœÃ¥Å" ¨Ã¯ ¼Å'æ˜ ¯Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Æ' ³Ã¨ ®â€œÃ©â€š £Ã¤ ºâ€ºÃ¥ ¾â€"ä ºâ€ Ã§ µâ€¢Ã§â€"‡æˆâ€"æ ² »Ã§â„¢â€šÃ© Å½Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¦ ¥ µÃ¥â€¦ ¶Ã§â€"›è‹ ¦Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§â€"…æ‚ £Ã§ ¹ ¼Ã§ ºÅ'Ã¥ â€"è‹ ¦Ã¯ ¼Å'å›  Ã¨â‚¬Å'æ” ¾Ã¦ £â€žÃ¦ ² »Ã§â„¢â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'è ®â€œÃ¤ »â€"們èÆ' ½Ã¥ ¤  Ã¥â€žËœÃ¥  ¯Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¨ © ³Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ µ °Ã¥ ®Å'æÅ"ی ¾Å'ä ¸â‚¬Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¯ ¼â€ºÃ¤ ½â€ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥ ¾Å¾Ã¥  ¦Ã¤ ¸â‚¬Ã¥â‚¬â€¹Ã¨ §â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã§Å"‹ï ¼Å'Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§â€¦ §Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¤ ¹Å¸Ã¥  ¯Ã¤ » ¥Ã¨ ¢ «Ã¨ ¦â€"ç‚ ºÃ¦ ¶Ë†Ã¦ ¥ µÃ§Å¡â€žÃ©â€"“æŽ ¥Ã¦ ® ºÃ¤ º ºÃ¯ ¼â€ºÃ¨â€¹ ¥Ã§â€"…ä º ºÃ§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"è‡ ¨Ã§ µâ€šÃ¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ½â€ Ã©â€  «Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¤ º ºÃ¥â€œ ¡Ã¥ Å Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¥ ± ¬ å… ±Ã¥ Å'æ ± ºÃ¥ ®Å¡Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥â€˜Å Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã¨â€¡ ¨Ã§ µâ€šÃ¤ ºâ€¹Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¾ Ã§ ¤ ¾Ã¦Å"Æ'Ã¥ · ¥Ã¤ ½Å"ã€Å'æ ¡Ë†Ã¤ ¸ »Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¦ ± ºÃ£â‚¬ Ã¥Å½Å¸Ã¥â€°â€¡Ã¯ ¼Å'é ¡ ¯Ã¦Å"‰é â€¢Ã¥ °Ë†Ã¦ ¥ ­Ã¥â‚¬ «Ã§ â€ Ã¯ ¼â€ºÃ§â€¢ ¶Ã§â€"…æ‚ £Ã¦â€ž Ã© ¡ËœÃ¨Ë†â€¡Ã©â€  «Ã§â„¢â€šÃ§ â€ Ã¦â‚¬ §Ã§â€º ¸Ã¥ · ¦Ã¦â„¢â€šÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã©â‚¬ ²Ã¨ ¡Å'æ º Ã©â‚¬Å¡Ã§ ­â€°Ã¨ « ¸Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¦ ­ ¤Ã© ¡Å¾Ã¨ ­ °Ã© ¡Å'ï ¼Å'æ ­ £Ã§â€º ¸Ã§ ¹ ¼Ã¨ ¡ Ã¦â€œÅ Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'é† «Ã§â„¢â€šÃ¥Å"˜éšŠã€ Ã¨â€¡ ¨Ã§ µâ€šÃ§â€š ºÃ¤ ¸ Ã¥  ¯Ã©â‚¬â€ Ã¤ ºâ€¹Ã¤ » ¶Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥  ³Ã¤ ½ ¿Ã§â€"…ä º ºÃ¤ ¸ Ã© ¡ËœÃ¦Ë†â€"ä ¸ Ã¨â€š ¯Ã¦Å½ ¥Ã¥ â€"Ã¥ ¯ ¦Ã¦Æ'…ï ¼Å'ä ½â€ Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¦ ¬Å Ã¥Ë† ©Ã¤ » Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦â€¡â€°Ã¨ ¼â€¢Ã¨ ¨â‚¬Ã¥â€° Ã¥ ¥ ªÃ¯ ¼â€ºÃ©â€  «Ã¨ ­ ·Ã¤ º ºÃ¥â€œ ¡Ã¥ Å Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¥ ± ¬Ã¦â€¡â€°Ã¥ ¦â€šÃ¤ ½â€¢Ã¥ â€Ã¥â€¢â€ Ã¯ ¼Å'è ®â€œÃ§â€"…æ‚ £Ã¦Å"‰æ ©Å¸Ã¦Å"Æ'Ã¥ Æ'與é‡ Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¦ ± ºÃ§ ­â€"ï ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¨â€¡ ´Ã¨ ¦ ºÃ¥ ¾â€"Ã¥  ªÃ¨Æ' ½Ã¨â€¡ ªÃ¥ · ±Ã¥ ­ ¤Ã§  ¨Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ° Ã¦ ­ »Ã¤ º ¡Ã¯ ¼Å¸Ã©â‚¬â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€ºÃ¦Æ'…å ½ ¢Ã© Å¾Ã¥ ¸ ¸Ã¥â‚¬ ¼Ã¥ ¾â€"我們æŽ ¢Ã¨ ¨Å½Ã£â‚¬â€š è ² ³Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ ½â€¢Ã¨ ¬â€šÃ¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'療è ­ · æ   ¹Ã¦â€œÅ¡Ã¤ ¸â€"ç•Å'è ¡â€ºÃ§â€Å¸Ã§ µâ€žÃ§ ¹â€Ã¯ ¼Ë†WHOï ¼â€°Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¨ ¦ Ã§ ¯â€žÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ®â€°Ã¥ ¯ §Ã§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'é† «Ã§â„¢â€šÃ§â€¦ §Ã© ¡ §Ã¦  Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ§ ½ ¹Ã¦â€š £Ã§â€ž ¡Ã¦ ³â€¢Ã¦ ² »Ã§â„¢â€™Ã§â€" ¾Ã§â€"…çš„çâ€"…ä º ºÃ¯ ¼Å'ç © Ã¦ ¥ µÃ¦â‚¬ §Ã§Å¡â€žÃ¥â€¦ ¨Ã¦â€" ¹Ã¤ ½ Ã§â€¦ §Ã© ¡ §Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ§ · ©Ã¥â€™Å'é† «Ã§â„¢â€šÃ§â€¦ §Ã© ¡ §Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¨â€š ¯Ã¥ ®Å¡Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¯ ¼Å'è ¦â€"æ ­ »Ã¤ º ¡Ã§â€š ºÃ¨â€¡ ªÃ§â€ž ¶Ã§Å¡â€žÃ© Å½Ã§ ¨â€¹Ã¯ ¼Å'ä ¸ Ã¦  Ã¦â€" ©Ã¤ ¹Å¸Ã¤ ¸ Ã¥ » ¶Ã¥ ¾Å'æ ­ »Ã¤ º ¡Ã¯ ¼Å'ç © Ã¦ ¥ µÃ¦  Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ§â€" ¼Ã§â€"݌ Å Ã¥â€¦ ¶Ã¤ »â€"ç ªËœÃ¨ ¿ «Ã§â€"‡ç‹€çš„ç · ©Ã¨ § £Ã¯ ¼Å'æ  Ã¤ ¾â€ºÃ¦â€ ¯Ã¦Å' Ã§ ³ »Ã§ µ ±Ã¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¹ «Ã¥Å  ©Ã§â€"…ä º ºÃ§â€º ¡Ã¥  ¯Ã¨Æ' ½Ã¦  Ã¥ â€¡Ã§â€Å¸Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¥â€œ Ã¨ ³ ªÃ¯ ¼Å'Ã¥ ¹ «Ã¥Å  ©Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¤ º ºÃ¥ º ¦Ã© Å½Ã§â€"…ä º ºÃ§â€Å¸Ã§â€"…與å… ¶Ã¨ º «Ã¥ ¾Å'æÅ"Ÿéâ€"“所é  ­Ã© â€¡Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§ ¨ ®Ã§ ¨ ®Ã¥ £â€œÃ¥Å â€ºÃ£â‚¬â€š Read MoreHello4579 Words   |  19 PagesBullying Student’s Name Here XXXX University Introduction There are so many incidents on television where teenagers are being bullied via Facebook and other online sources. Almost every adolescent has access to the internet nowadays and most of them have a mobile phone. Therefor it is not surprising, that  cyberbullying or  bullying  through these new communication technologies is increasing. In order to put cyberbullies to a stop it is necessary to know, who these teenagers are, what they doRead MoreHello1395 Words   |  6 Pages1 Calveta Dining Services, Inc.: Case Analysis CALVETA DINING SERVICES, INC.: CASE ANALYSIS Smera Eliza Philip PA1136 28th August 2011 University of Mysore and Post Graduate Program in Management 2 Calveta Dining Services, Inc.: Case Analysis Abstract Calveta Dining Services, Inc. was a $2 billion, privately held firm that managed food service operations for nearly 1,000 senior living facilities (SLFs) in the United States. It was built on Antonio Calveta’s passion for food and traditionalRead MoreHello2980 Words   |  12 PagesQuick List of Common Literary Terms Abstract Language—Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or physical is usually described in concrete language. Allegory—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal anRead MoreHello4773 Words   |  20 PagesDecision to Buy a Business in Urban Entrepreneurship: A Process Perspective and Contextual Influence by Edwin Lee, Theresa Lau and K.F. Chan _______________________________________ This paper examines the decision making process of buying a business in urban entrepreneurship. A conceptual framework is developed to explain the buying behavior with reference to strategic decision making process. The: rational, emotional and dependent decision making process is hypothesized to relate to decisionRead MoreHello1750 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Colonists complained that the Sugar Act violated their fundamental freedoms by enacting taxes a. through popular election. b. without the king’s consent. c. without allowing colonial representation in Parliament. d. through a royal decree. e. arbitrarily. What was the primary purpose of the First Continental Congress? a. To establish an international identity b. To adopt the Declaration of Independence c. To coordinate a joint response to the actions of the BritishRead MoreHello Walmart1027 Words   |  5 PagesHello, Wal-Mart? Ashford University BUS644 Operation Management Dr. Ronald Beach November 26, 2011 Hello, Wal-Mart? It is very common for everyone that lives in a small town to get all their groceries at Wal-Mart. During the last 50 years of creation, from a small town on Arkansas, Wal-Mart became the biggest retail company of the world. At this time, this company is one of the major employers of the world and has more than 4,000 stores just in America. It is very difficult for a small